The alternative is to see later studies like [1], which finds that several popular heart interventions don't actually improve all-cause mortality in the population of "severe but stable" heart disease patients.
If stents and coronary bypasses don't increase life expectancy (or quality of life!) for that population, then a lot of people from that population took the risks of major surgery for no benefit.
If stents and coronary bypasses don't increase life expectancy (or quality of life!) for that population, then a lot of people from that population took the risks of major surgery for no benefit.
[1] https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2019/11/invasive-hear...